Why you possibly can belief TechSwitch
We spend hours testing each services or products we overview, so that you may be positive you are shopping for the very best. Find out more about how we test.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: One-minute review
Apple hasn’t modified a lot with the most recent iPad Pro, and with good cause. It has the identical modern, ultra-thin aluminum physique, accessible in both 11-inch or 13-inch sizes, as its predecessor, and like final yr’s mannequin it feels effortlessly premium within the hand.
The Ultra Retina XDR show can be unchanged, however it’s nonetheless beautiful, with vibrant colours, deep blacks, and a peak HDR brightness of 1,600 nits. Whether for day by day use, watching a movie, gaming, or writing with an Apple Pencil, it felt buttery easy and visually immersive. It’s definitely nonetheless a step up from the display on the iPad Air.
What is new here is the M5 chip, which makes Apple’s most powerful iPad faster and more capable than ever. While that’s a tall order, Apple has accomplished it, and responsiveness feels virtually instantaneous.
In my time with the iPad Pro, multitasking and creative work felt effortless. I could edit photos in Pixelmator, draw in Procreate, or even cut 4K footage in Final Cut Pro with out a hiccup. AI options, like handwriting cleanup and picture upscaling, occur nearly immediately. Gaming is equally spectacular, with easy body charges and detailed graphics making even triple-A titles look unimaginable.
While the Magic Keyboard is an additional value as an adjunct, when the iPad Pro is docked in it it feels nearer to a laptop computer than ever, letting you kind, multitask, and navigate iPadOS 26 seamlessly.
This yr, Apple additionally added its N1 wi-fi chip, bringing Wi-Fi 7, Thread help, and a transfer to a made-in-house modem for 5G connectivity. This signifies that if you’re on the go – whether or not you’re working from a café or touring – connections really feel quick and dependable, with sturdy obtain and add speeds for those who go for a mobile plan. The 12-megapixel Center Stage digital camera retains you completely framed in video calls, and the rear digital camera handles informal images properly.
It’s costly, and the colour choices stay restricted, however for energy customers who need the final word iPad expertise, the 11-inch iPad Pro M5 is tough to beat – and I’m completely happy to report that the beginning costs of $999 / £999 / AU$1,699 for the 11-inch, or $1,299 / £1,299 / AU$2,199 for the 13-inch iPad Pro with M5, are the identical as final yr. That mentioned, the remainder of the iPad lineup – the entry-level iPad with A16, the iPad mini, and the iPad Air with M3 – stay particularly sturdy.
The latter, which additionally is available in 11-inch and 13-inch sizes, will seemingly be the strongest competitors to the iPad Pro, and whether or not you go for the iPad Pro or the iPad Air will in the end rely on how a lot you care about design, show, and long-term efficiency. But know that, for those who’re contemplating upgrading to the M5 Pro from a earlier iPad Pro, you’ll be greatest served for those who’re rocking the M1 mannequin or earlier, as you’ll get pleasure from tangible velocity enhancements, the higher display, and the all-new design.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Specs
| Row 0 – Cell 0 |
iPad Pro 11-inch |
iPad Pro 13-inch |
|
Starting price |
$999 / £999 / AU$1,699 |
$1,299 / £1,299 / AU$2,199 |
|
Operating system |
iPadOS 26 |
iPadOS 26 |
|
Chipset |
M5 |
M5 |
|
Memory (RAM) |
12GB or 16GB |
12GB or 16GB |
|
Storage |
256GB / 512GB / 1TB / 2TB |
256GB / 512GB / 1TB / 2TB |
|
Display |
11-inch tandem OLED Ultra Retina XDR (2420 x 1668) |
13-inch tandem OLED Ultra Retina XDR (2752 x 2064) |
|
Cameras |
12MP wide main, 12MP ultrawidefront |
12MP wide main, 12MP ultrawidefront |
|
Connectivity |
Wi-Fi 7 and Bluetooth 6. 5G Sub-6Ghz and Gigabit LTE on Cellular models. |
Wi-Fi 7 and Bluetooth 6. 5G Sub-6Ghz and Gigabit LTE on Cellular models. |
|
Weight |
440g (446g for cellular) |
579g (582g for cellular) |
|
Dimensions |
249.7 x 177.5 x 5.3mm |
281.6 x 215.5 x 5.1mm |
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Pricing and Availability
Apple’s 11-inch and 13-inch iPad Pro with M5 officially launches on October 22, 2025, but if you’re already sold, pre-orders are open now. In addition to deciding which size you want you’ll need to pick between two colors, and storage and connectivity options.
In either Space Black or Silver, the 11-inch iPad Pro M5 starts at $999 / £999 / AU$1,699, while the 13-inch iPad Pro with M5 starts at $1,299 / £1,299 / AU$2,199. If you’re keeping track generation over generation, there’s no price increase there. Prices go up from there if you want to add cellular or get more storage. The iPad Pro starts at 256GB, but also comes in 512GB, 1TB, or 2TB configurations; the 256GB and 512GB models come with 12GB of RAM, while the 1TB and 2TB models come with 16GB.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Design
- It’s still an ultra-thin, sleek iPad
- No design changes compared to the previous generation
- The 11-inch might be the perfect size for most
Given that Apple rolled out a radically thinner and overall much sleeker design with its last-generation iPad Pro in 2024, it’s no surprise that the company is sticking with the same build for this generation’s model; as noted the biggest change here is under the hood, and indicated by the ‘M5’ in the name.
Apple’s 11-inch iPad Pro still looks elegant, sleek, and sharp, and I enjoyed testing the smaller variant, given how much more portable it is. As mentioned, there is also a larger 13-inch iPad Pro powered by the same M5 chip.
The design from generation to generation is identical – the 11-inch iPad Pro M5 measures 249.7 x 177.5 x 5.3mm and weighs 444 grams with just Wi-Fi, or 446 grams with cellular connectivity. And it also beats out the 11-inch iPad Air with the M3 chip for both thickness and weight – at 6.1mm and 460 grams the Air is slightly thicker and heavier.
Even held in one hand, the new Pro feels light. I often held it vertically with my left hand while navigating the interface, or scribbling notes with an Apple Pencil – both Pro and USB-C models are supported – with my right. Watching a film, making a FaceTime call, or reading horizontally while holding the tablet with both hands is equally comfortable. This is also the best orientation to get the most out of the great stereo speakers, as these live on the left and right sides. The sound produced is pretty robust and surprisingly loud given how thin the iPad Pro is.
The 11-inch size, paired with the Magic Keyboard, is practically the perfect mini laptop within the iPad lineup. The weight is well balanced, and the screen – thanks to windowed apps – feels surprisingly expansive.
Apple has stuck with an aluminum build all around, which keeps the iPad light while allowing it to be ultra-thin without sacrificing durability. At 5.3mm for the 11-inch and 5.1mm for the 13-inch, the iPad Pro is actually thinner than the iPhone Air, which measures 5.6mm.
The biggest disappointment for me is that despite the new chip, color options remain limited to Space Black or Silver. Both look good, and Pros might prefer subtle tones, but a more vibrant option, like the iPad Air’s purple or an iPhone 17 Pro-style orange, would have been enjoyable.
A color-matched Apple emblem sits centered on the again of the Space Black 11-inch iPad Pro; it’s shiny in opposition to the matte body and barely darker. There are additionally three silver Smart Connector dots on the backside, which is how the Magic Keyboard connects with none setup, with the principle digital camera bump on the high left when the slate is held vertically.
The major digital camera array is unchanged from the earlier era, with the marginally raised bump housing a 12-megapixel large digital camera, LiDAR sensor, and adaptive True Tone flash. Beneath the aluminum end are ample magnets to help instances, together with the Magic Keyboard.
When you maintain the iPad Pro vertically, the ability button is on the highest proper, with the quantity controls close by. The Apple Pencil Pro magnetically attaches to the appropriate facet and expenses wirelessly, whereas the USB-C Pencil attaches however requires a charging cable. The USB-C port sits on the underside vertically or the appropriate facet horizontally.
The quantity and energy buttons are additionally simple to find if you’re utilizing the iPad longways – energy strikes to the highest left, and the quantity rocker shifts to the highest left. You don’t want to fret about unlocking with the ability button both; a easy faucet on the display lights up Face ID, which is constructed into the entrance digital camera, and simply unlocks the iPad. Of course, you may as well use it to authenticate purchases and autofill passwords.
It’s a sensible design, and total, this stays Apple’s most premium and opulent iPad. Like the iPhone Air, its design prioritizes thermals and ergonomic weight, making the iPad Pro comfy to make use of and letting the show actually shine.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Display
- Stunning tandem OLED display with punchy, vibrant colors
- It delivers an immersive visual experience
Apple is sticking with its impressive tandem OLED Ultra Retina XDR show, and it’s actually a best-in-class display. Colors look particularly vibrant and correct, with wealthy element and refined gradations, however it actually excels at delivering extremely sturdy distinction – one thing the 11-inch iPad Air with the M3 chip can’t fairly match, contemplating that that is an OLED panel, and a novel one at that.
I completely loved having a number of home windows arrange inside iPadOS 26, viewing them facet by facet or leaping between Mail, Gmail, Slack, Chrome, Safari, and Messages. Taking within the newest episode of The Morning Show on Apple TV, or movies or sequence from different streamers, was a delight – the iPad Pro actually excels at delivering these visuals. Whether you’re watching content material, drawing in Procreate, modifying photographs in Pixelmator, gaming, or utilizing Final Cut Pro or DaVinci Resolve, the show can simply scale to the duty relying in your workflow.
Just as with the previous-gen Pro, the tandem OLED is actually two OLED shows stacked collectively to supply increased brightness ranges for beautiful visuals – and it actually delivers. The Ultra Retina XDR show gives 1,000 nits of brightness throughout the total display, can spike as much as 1,600 nits of peak brightness for HDR content material, and delivers a 2,000,000:1 distinction ratio. The show decision is available in at 2420 x 1668 at 264ppi.
Another key benefit of going Pro with an iPad is ProMovement, which permits an adaptive refresh fee between 10Hz and 120Hz and ensures that video games (hardware-accelerated ray tracing is supported right here) and different content material look buttery easy. It additionally helps when writing with Apple Pencil, additional lowering latency, and makes scrolling by way of iPadOS 26 really feel noticeably extra fluid.
Apple ships the 11-inch iPad Pro with an oleophobic coating that helps scale back reflections and resist fingerprints, and it does an admirable job – if the display is off, you’ll discover smudges, however when it lights up, the brightness makes them fade away. It nonetheless catches some reflections, although, particularly outside on a sunny day or underneath harsh indoor lighting. The repair right here is to go for the Nano-Texture Glass show, which works wonders, however it comes at an added value. My check unit has the usual glass.
Considering the excessive worth of the iPad Pro with M5, a giant a part of that’s all the way down to this show, and I’ll give it to Apple – it’s the very best show within the iPad lineup and top-of-the-line I’ve used on any machine. Whether I used to be watching a film, taking part in a recreation, or doing extra routine issues, it was a visually immersive expertise with vibrant, punchy colour and deep blacks. You’ll must determine, although, for those who actually do want the very best show, because the 11-inch iPad Air delivers a superb mixture of efficiency and options, albeit with a barely much less superior show.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Cameras
- The front-facing camera is again located in the ‘proper’ spot
- CenterStage isn’t new, but it still works wonders for video calls
- The rear camera is fine for a tablet camera
Tucked into the top bezel, and centered above the screen when the iPad is held or docked horizontally, is a 12-megapixel Center Stage camera. You might recall that Apple made the decision to move it to the ‘proper’ location for a tablet with the last generation, and that placement, along with the same camera specs, carries over to the iPad Pro M5.
It’s basically in the perfect spot, especially when the iPad Pro is docked in a Magic Keyboard or a similar third-party folio, where you’re using the iPad in a similar fashion to a laptop. This makes it ideal for recording videos – maybe a self-tape – but also for video calls through FaceTime, WebEx, and Zoom, and other services.
The main appeal of this camera is in Center Stage, which uses software magic to keep you in the frame when you’re on calls, automatically panning and zooming to keep you centered. This is helpful if you like to walk and talk on calls, but also, more practically, if you’re cooking and hop on a FaceTime call – you can rest the iPad somewhere and freely move around without worrying you’ll be out of the frame. It’s excellent.
There’s also the same camera as last year on the back. If you’re someone who likes to take photos with a tablet, you can certainly do that here, and the 12-megapixel lens is good. I’ll share a gallery of some test shots below, but you’re still better off with your iPhone’s camera, or an actual camera.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Software
- iPadOS 26 breathes new life into the iPad Pro
- Mainstay features like windowing apps run very well here
While every iPad comes running iPadOS 26 out of the field, the 11-inch and 13-inch iPad Pros with M5 are the primary to launch with iPadOS 26. It definitely feels at house on the most costly iPad within the lineup, and makes the a lot of the M5 chip inside.
I can freely resize just about any variety of apps into home windows with overlapping, or simply set it up as side-by-side cut up. I’ve a menu bar up high when duties name for it, and a dock down beneath, and I can drag and drop parts between apps as I see match. That may very well be to edit a photograph in Photoshop or Pixelmator after importing from Photos or Files, put it aside, after which load it instantly into our content material administration system to construct an article, or choosing photographs and dropping them into Messages or an electronic mail.
This flexibility is certainly the spotlight of iPadOS 26, however if you wish to deal with one factor at a time you may as well go full-screen with apps. I used all kinds of apps on the iPad Pro with M5, overlaying my full workload: Safari, Chrome, Gmail, Slack, Google Drive and Docs, and infrequently photo-editing apps like Photoshop or Pixelmator. I routinely stored all of those open, together with Messages, Mail, Music or Spotify, Notes, Calendar, and Photos.
For private use, I streamed through Apple TV (sure, it’s bizarre not writing Apple TV+ anymore), Disney+, Netflix, and Peacock, took FaceTime calls, and tried loads of video games, together with Mini Metro, RFS+ Pro, Disney Dreamlight Valley, Resident Evil 4, Assassin’s Creed Mirage, and Fortnite. Everything performed easily for probably the most half, with barely a slowdown or hiccup.
While the vastly improved, AI-infused Siri (nonetheless) isn’t right here but, I obtained a way of how Apple’s different AI and machine studying options carry out, together with some third-party ones. Clean-Up for photographs ran swiftly, performing the anticipated motion after the principle mannequin obtain. I additionally used summarized notifications, precedence notifications, and dabbled with ‘Reduce Interruptions’ in Focus Mode. Live Translation was fast, on a par with competing providers, and Logic Pro 2 for iPad’s stem splitter labored very properly.
I spent most of my work time with the iPad docked within the Magic Keyboard. This is the marginally extra premium ‘for iPad Pro’ model of Apple’s accent, with 14 rows of operate keys, a full QWERTY keyboard, and an expansive trackpad. Typing feels nice, with good journey and punchy keystrokes – I wrote this whole overview utilizing it.
When docked, the 11-inch iPad Pro feels very laptop-like, barely floating because it’s locked in with magnets. You can tilt it up or down, and when you should take notes you possibly can simply snap it off and use the Apple Pencil. It makes the iPad Pro really feel like a real workhorse, particularly with iPadOS 26 – resizing home windows and performing different duties feels seamless with both contact or the trackpad.
It is an added value – the Magic Keyboard for the 11-inch iPad Pro prices $299 / £299 / AU$499, or $349 / £349 / AU$579 for the 13-inch model – however it definitely makes the iPad Pro extra succesful. It’s additionally suitable with the earlier M4 mannequin.
The Apple Pencil Pro stays a superb instrument for note-taking, drawing, sketching, and navigating iPadOS. It magnetically attaches to the facet of the iPad Pro and recharges wirelessly. The Apple Pencil USB-C can even connect, however have to be plugged in to recharge. Taking notes with an Apple Pencil feels nearly the identical as writing on paper, and I particularly like Scribble to Text for responding to messages with out interrupting my workflow. Math Notes is one other nice characteristic – you possibly can write an equation and an equals signal, and the iPad does the heavy lifting.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 review: Performance
- The M5 chip makes this iPad Pro blazing fast
- It adds in a lot of headroom, leaving me with no concerns about performance for years to come
Arguably, the biggest change with the iPad Pro is the M5 chip under the hood, which powers the entire experience. It drives the display, enables vibrant and immersive visuals, plays back excellent audio from the built-in stereo speakers, and lets you take full advantage of iPadOS 26.
The 2024 iPad Pro was the first Apple device to get the M4, and the M5 chip duly makes its debut in the 11-inch and 13-inch iPad Pro, alongside the new Vision Pro and new 14-inch MacBook Pro. Apple is spreading its newest 3-nanometer silicon throughout extra gadgets, and it shines on the iPad by making an already quick machine even quicker.
In the 1TB iPad Pro I’ve been testing, and in addition within the 2TB mannequin, the M5 chip is configured as follows: a 10-core CPU with 4 efficiency cores and 6 effectivity cores, a 10-core GPU with hardware-accelerated ray tracing and neural accelerators, and a 16-core Neural Engine. It additionally comes with 16GB of RAM and 153GB/s of reminiscence bandwidth.
This leads to unimaginable efficiency day in and day trip. Like the fashions earlier than it – and even the 11-inch iPad Air with M3 – it’s a problem to make this iPad Pro decelerate. Apple has made the final word iPad even quicker, and elevated the headroom additional.
Many of the enhancements within the M5 chip assist it carry out even higher for AI-focused workflows. Pixelmator Pro dealt with ‘Super Resolution’ quicker, and cleansing up handwriting in GoodNotes was lightning fast. The identical goes for utilizing Stem Splitter in Logic Pro to separate recordings, or exporting 4K footage in Final Cut Pro. Games – whether or not smaller titles or full AAA releases – have been a blast to play, with the efficiency and graphics combining to create splendidly immersive worlds.
The 11-inch iPad Pro with M5 was merely a powerhouse in my testing, to the purpose that I successfully moved my total workflow from a 14-inch MacBook Pro with M4 to this iPad paired with the Magic Keyboard. Between the chip and iPadOS 26, all the pieces feels quick, easy and fully reliable, and the software program is lastly near matching the {hardware}. If you’re after a desktop-like expertise, you possibly can plug the iPad Pro into an exterior show, and it will possibly supply as much as a 120Hz refresh fee – that’s extra of a shock addition, and would possibly trace {that a} new Studio Display from Apple is on the horizon.
I additionally ran the 11-inch iPad Pro with M5 by way of Geekbench, a regular benchmarking instrument utilized by TechSwitch. The 1TB mannequin scored 4,121 single-core and 16,240 multi-core – outpacing the M4 iPad Pro (3,700 and 14,523, respectively) and the 11-inch iPad Air with M3 (3,023 and 11,716).
While we haven’t examined them, the 256GB and 512GB fashions include a barely much less highly effective M5 chip: a 9-core CPU (three efficiency and 6 effectivity cores), a 10-core GPU with neural accelerators and hardware-accelerated ray tracing, and a 16-core Neural Engine. That’s paired with 12GB of RAM and 153GB/s of reminiscence bandwidth. For most workflows, this shouldn’t have an effect on on a regular basis efficiency, although export instances for artistic duties could be barely longer.
Simply put, the iPad Pro gives full-throttle efficiency at practically each flip. Whether or not you want that a lot energy, the iPad Pro with M5 feels greater than able to taking full benefit of iPadOS 26 – and no matter Apple could be cooking up subsequent. For now, it handles demanding duties that might push lesser iPads and even some Macs; the efficiency right here is really next-level.
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 overview: Battery and Connectivity
- Still a really environment friendly battery, with greater than all-day battery life
- The iPad Pro now helps quick charging, for 50% in 30 minutes
- Apple’s new C1X modem arrives in an iPad for the primary time
As with earlier iPads and iPhones, Apple isn’t sharing the precise battery dimension for the 11-inch or 13-inch iPad Pro; as an alternative, the tech big likes to share estimates for searching and playback instances. Apple guarantees which you could rise up to 10 hours of browsing the net or watching video on Wi-Fi, or as much as 9 hours of net browsing with a mobile connection.
Those are the identical numbers as for the M4 iPad Pro, so it’s seemingly Apple didn’t improve the battery dimension underneath the hood, however the M5 efficiencies, together with the Apple-made modem, seemingly assist to maintain that tempo, and it’s truly the identical promised battery life because the 13-inch iPad Pro with M5.
In my testing, even when utilizing the iPad Pro for work paired with the Magic Keyboard, I obtained a full day trip of it with shut to 6 hours of display time, which is excellent for an iPad. Battery life isn’t a lot of a priority with latest generations of iPads, and this yr Apple is trying to additional alleviate any qualms with the arrival of quick charging.
While the 11-inch Pro ships with a 20-watt USB-C adapter within the field, you possibly can pair this iPad with Apple’s personal 40W Dynamic Power Adapter that may push as much as 60W, or just go for a 60W energy adapter to cost this iPad as much as 50% in 30 minutes. With Apple’s personal 40W adapter, I did meet the 30-minute mark precisely right here, however with a better 65W adapter, I noticed it hit 50% in a bit much less time.
Aside from the improve to M5 from M4 – and extra RAM for the 256GB and 512GB fashions – Apple’s different large {hardware} change was shifting to its N1 wi-fi chip and C1X modem. The former right here delivers Bluetooth 6, Wi-Fi 7 and help for the Thread smart-home connectivity commonplace, whereas the latter represents a transfer to Apple’s personal in-house modem.
These upgrades ship two main perks, in keeping with Apple: as much as 30% decrease energy consumption than on the previous-generation iPad Pro and 50% quicker mobile information speeds. As mobile iPads have been for a while, it’s an eSIM-only expertise right here throughout the globe.
I’ve been testing Verizon’s community, which is especially sturdy in New Jersey and New York, largely seeing three or 4 bars with 5G UW displaying within the high nook. When working from a espresso store or just on the highway, it felt simply as reliable as utilizing my house community, and at instances delivered quicker obtain and add speeds.
It’s a pleasant swap for an Apple-made modem, and the M5 Pro has been performing simply in addition to earlier mobile iPads I’ve examined, however the arrival of the N1 chip for contemporary Wi-Fi and Bluetooth requirements can be welcome right here.
- Battery and Connectivity rating: 4 / 5
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 overview: Should you purchase it?
|
Attributes |
Notes |
Rating |
|
Value |
There’s no getting round the fee at $999 or$1,299, however the iPad Pro delivers wonderful efficiency in a modern, beautiful construct with an awesome show. |
4.5 / 5 |
|
Design |
Apple did not change a lot with the design right here, in truth it is practically equivalent, however the ultra-sleek construct makes it top-of-the-line designed tablets. |
4 / 5 |
|
Display |
Just just like the design, Apple’s sticking with it is spectacular tandem OLED display right here which gives an immersive expertise led with vibrant colours and stark distinction factors. |
5 / 5 |
|
Cameras |
Even although the cameras stay unchanged yr over yr, and people coming from an older iPad Pro would possibly miss the ultra-wide digital camera, the 2 onboard do get the job completed. |
4 / 5 |
|
Software |
iPadOS 26 was a giant improve that delivered quite a few new options together with utilizing windowed apps, extra Pro instruments, and background duties that every one shine on the iPad Pro. Of course, you possibly can nonetheless use one app at a time as properly. |
4.5 / 5 |
|
Performance |
The M5 chip offers a ton of energy for any doable activity, and made it actually tough to get the iPad Pro to even decelerate. |
5 / 5 |
|
Battery and Connectivity |
Apple did not improve the battery dimension internally, however it nonetheless gives all-day battery life just like the earlier era. |
4 /5 |
Buy it if…
Don’t purchase it if…
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch M5 2025 overview: How I examined
I spent 5 days completely testing the 11-inch iPad Pro with M5, particularly a Space Black 1TB mannequin with mobile connectivity. I additionally examined it with an identical Magic Keyboard in black and an Apple Pencil Pro. After unboxing it – you possibly can take a look at my unboxing video on TechSwitch’s TikTookay – I rapidly obtained to setting it up, and including the apps and providers that I might usually use on my iPad.
For a lot of my testing interval I aimed to make use of the iPad Pro M5 as my major work machine, which meant sidelining my 14-inch M4 MacBook Pro, and writing, modifying, taking conferences, sending Slack messages, and writing emails on the iPad Pro M5. I additionally performed video games, despatched messages, edited photographs, and streamed motion pictures, TV reveals, and music, in addition to making and taking many video calls.
To check mobile, I used a Verizon eSIM and ran numerous velocity assessments and add assessments in numerous places to get a really feel for efficiency.
First reviewed October 2025.